Toughness Test
संघट्ट या चीमड़पन परीक्षण
[I.S: 2386]
- उद्देश्य(Object):-
पत्थर की गिट्टी का संघट्ट (या चीमडपन) मान ज्ञात करना और इसकी सड़क उपयोग में उपयुक्तता का पता लगाना । यह परीक्षण पत्थर गिट्टी के सिलिण्डरी प्रतिदर्श पर किया जाता है।
- सिद्धान्त (Theory):-
किसी वस्तु के संघट्ट का प्रतिरोध करने की क्षमता को इसका चीमड़पन (Toughness) काहे हैं। यातायात के संघट्ट के कारण सड़क-गिट्टी टूटती है और छोटे-छोटे टुकड़ों में बिखरने लगती है। सड़क-गिट्टी इस प्रकार टूटनी नहीं चाहिये। अतः यह परीक्षण पत्थर की गिट्टी का चीमडपन करने के लिये किया जाता है अर्थात बार-बार चोट खाने पर, पत्थर कितना अवरोध करता है, इस परीक्षण द्वारा ज्ञात किया जाता है। संघट्ट का मान गिट्टी के चुरा व गिट्टी के मूल भारों के अनुपार के प्रतिशत में व्यक्त किया जाता है। सड़क-गिट्टी के संघट्ट मान (Impact Values) तथा उनकी उपयुक्तता निम्न दी गयी है। घनाकार (Cubical ) पत्थर, चपटे व लम्बूतरे पत्थरों से अधिक संघट्ट-सह होते हैं।
- सामग्री(Material):-
- पत्थर की गिट्टी और अवशयक उपकरण|
- उपकरण(Apparatus):-
- पेज संघट्ट यन्त्र, 14 kg पात-हथौड़े सहित, हथौड़े का मुक्त पात 380 mm होना चाहिये|
- धातु का सिलिण्डरी मापक (भीतरी व्यास 75 mm, ऊँचाई 50 mm),
- तोकनी-छड़ 10 mm व्यास, 23 cm लम्बी,
- IS चालनी 12.5 mm, 10 mm, 2.36 mm HIM,
- तुला, धारिता 500 ग्राम भार,
- थर्मोस्टेटिक ओवन (Oven)
पेंच संघट्ट यन्त्र मशीन :-
पेज संघट्ट यन्त्र-इस मशीन की तली पर 102 mm व्यास व 50 mm ऊँचा गोलाकार बक्सा (cup) होता है, जो ऊपर से खुला होता है। बक्से के ठीक ऊपर 100 mm व्यास व 14 kg का एक पात-हथौड़ा टंगा रहता है। यह हथौड़ा 380 mm की ऊँचाई से प्रतिदर्श पर गिराया जाता है।
- विधि(Method):-
- प्रतिदर्श (पत्थर की गिट्टी) को चालनी पर छानो। यह IS 12-5mm चालनी से पारित हो जाये, परन्तु IS 10 mm चालनी पर रुक जाये।
- इस प्रतिदर्श को 100°C-110°C पर 4 घण्टे तक गर्म करे और फिर ठपडा होने दें।
- इस गिट्टी को सिलिण्डरी मापक में तीन समान परतों में ऊपर तक भरें और प्रत्येक परत को, ऊपरी परत डालने से पहले 25 बार ठोकनी-छड़ से कूट लें। मापक से बाहर ऊभरी फालतू गिट्टी को सीध-पटरी (Foot-Rule) चलाकर निकाल दें।
- अब प्रतिदर्श का शुद्धता से भार ज्ञात कर लें।
- प्रतिदर्श को मापक से निकालकर संघट्ट जांच मशीन के बक्से (cup) में समान रूप से भर दें और इसकी भी 25 बार हल्की कुटाई कर दें।
- मशीन के हथौड़े को प्रतिदर्श की ऊपरी सतह से 380 mm (शुद्ध ऊँचाई) अपर उठा कर रोक कर रखें ताकि छोड़े जाने पर यह सीधा प्रतिदर्श के ऊपर गिरे।
- अर हथौड़े को उपरोक्त ऊँचाई से एकदम मुक्त करके (Free Fall) गिरायें । यह पात-क्रिया 15 बार की जाती है। दो हथौड़ा-पात के मध्य एक सैकण्ड का अन्तराल अवश्य रहना चाहिये।
- 15 बार हथौड़ा गिराने के बाद प्रतिदर्श को मशीन के बक्से (cup) से निकाल कर IS चालनी 2.36 mm से छान लें । जो सामग्री चालनी से एक मिनट में निकल जाती है, उसे ध्यानपूर्वक समेट कर एक ग्राम की शुद्धता तक तोल लें।
- उपलब्ध ऑकड़े निम्न प्रेक्षण तालिका में भर कर संघट्ट मान की गणना करें।
- यह जांच तीन बार दोहरायी जाती है और औसत संघट्ट मान ज्ञात किया जाता है।
- प्रेक्षण (Observation):-
| SR. | सिलिंडर मापक में भरी गिट्टी का भार (w1) | IS चालनी 2.36mm से पारित सामिग्री का भार (w2) | गिट्टी का संघट्ट मान | गिट्टी का संघट्ट मान प्रतिशत में (w2/w1)x100 | औसत मान |
| 1 | |||||
| 2 | |||||
| 3 |
- परिणाम(Result):-
- गिट्टी का औसत संघट्ट मान (IMPACT VALUE)= ……. % हे
| पत्थरों के कुछ संघट्ट मान | ||
| 1 | 10% से कम | गिट्टी अत्यंत कठोर हे |
| 2 | 10%-20% | सामान्य कठोर हे |
| 3 | 20%- 30% | संतोष जनक मान |
| 4 | 35% से अधिक | कमजोर है | |
NOTE:-
सडक की ऊपरी सतह पर प्रयुक्त की जाने वाली गिट्टी का समाघात मान (IMPACT VALUE ) 30 % तथा आधार कोट के लिए 45 % से अधिक नहीं होनी चाहिए |
- सावधानियाँ(Precautions):-
- प्रतिदर्श (गिट्टी) को 100°C-110C तक गर्म करके व ठण्डा करके तैयार करें।
- गिट्टी को चूरा सहित सावधानी से मशीन के बक्से (cup) से निकालें।
- हथौड़े की पात-ऊँचाई तथा अन्तराल पर ध्यान दें। हथौड़ा गिरते समय बक्से (curp) की खड़ी फलकों से नहीं टकराना चाहिये।
- प्रतिदर्श का भार ध्यान से लें। यह 0-1 माम की शुद्धता तक लिया जाता है।
- गिट्टी की कुटाई पूरी सतह पर समान रूप से करें। ठोकनी-छड़ मापक की दीवारों (फलकों) से नहीं टकरानी चाहिये
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