Softening Point Test for Bitumen
बिटूमन का मृदुकारी-बिन्दू ज्ञात करना
(RING & BALL METHOD)
[I.S: 1205]
- उद्देश्य(Object):-
मृदुकारी-बिन्दु परीक्षण द्वारा बिटूमन के अर्ध-ठोस अवस्था से तरल अवस्था में आने के लिये आवश्यकता ताप-मान ज्ञात करना।बिटूमन का मृदुकारी-बिन्दु छल्ला-गोला (Ring and Ball ) विधि द्वारा ज्ञात किया जाता है।
SOFTENING POINT:-
बिदूमन का डिग्री-सेन्टीग्रेड में वह तापमान, जिस पर एक मानक गोला (Steel Ball) बिटूमन से भरे छल्ले (Ring) में से पारित होकर, 25 mm नीचे तली पर जा पड़े, बिटूमन का मूदुकारी-बिन्दु (Softening Point) कहलाता है
| विभिन्न ग्रेड के बिटूमनों के मूदुकारी-बिन्दु (Softening Points) | ||
| SR. | GRADE | Softening Points |
| 1 | A 25 & A35 | 55-70 |
| 2 | A 45 & A65,S65 | 45-60 |
| 3 | S65 | 40-45 |
| 4 | A90 & S90 | 35-40 |
| 5 | A 200 & S200 | 30-45 |
- सिद्धान्त (Theory):-
बिटूमन उत्पादकों से अर्ध-ठोस (Semi-solid) अवस्था में प्राप्त होता है। सड़क गिट्टी से उत्तम प्रलेपन के लिये इसे अर्ध-ठोस अवस्था से पर्याप्त तरल (Liquid) अवस्था में लगना होता है। बिट्मन ठोस से तरल अवस्था में एक दम नहीं आता है । तापमान के बढ़ने पर, यह घीरे-घीरे मृदु (नरम) होता है और फिर बहने लगता है। इसके लिये बिदूमन को (एक निर्धारित तापमान तक) गर्म करना पड़ता है। विभिन्न बन्धक पदार्थ समान मूदुकारी-बिन्दु नहीं रखते हैं । कुट्टिम (Pavement) के लिये 35°C से 70°C का मुदुकारी बिटूमन प्रयोग किया जाता है। गर्म क्षेत्रों में उच्च मृदुकारी-बिन्दु वाले बिटूमनों को वरीयता दी जाती है.
- सामग्री(Material):-
- बिटुमिन
- आसुत जल
- उपकरण(Apparatus):-
Softening-Point Test
- छल्ला-गोला उपकरण जिसमें (a) पीतल का छल्ला (Brass Ring), भीतरी व्यास शीर्ष पर 17.5 mm तली पर 15.9mm, ऊंचाई 6-4mm (b) इस्पातीय गोला (Steel Ball), व्यास 9.5 mm, भार 3.5 ग्राम ।
- (नोटः छल्ला-गोला दो सैट में होते है, सरलता के लिये हम एक सैट का ही वर्णन कर रहे हैं)
- तापमापक (Thermometer)
- गैस-बर्नर (Gas Burner)
- विधि(Method):-
- बिटूमन प्रतिदर्श को सम्भावित मूदुकारी-बिन्दु से 75°C-100°C ऊपर तक गर्म करें। गर्म करते समय इसे हिलाते रहें ताकि इसमें से वायु के बुलबले व नमी निकल जाये और यह पर्याप्त तरल हो जाये।
- पीतल के छल्ले को भी बिटूमन के तापमान तक गर्म करें।
- छल्ले को धातु के एक प्लेट (जिस पर ग्लिसरीन (glycerine) व डेक्सट्रीन (Dextrine) का लेप चढ़ा होता है, ताकि बिटूमन इससे चिपके नहीं) पर रखकर, इसमें ऊपर तक तरल बिटामिन (प्रतिदर्श) भर दें।
- य घण्टा तक इन्हें हवा में ठण्डा होने दें। ठण्डा होने पर छल्ले से ऊपर निकला अतिरिक्त विटूमन गर्म चाकू से छील कर निकाल दें और प्रतिदर्श भरे छल्ले को उठाकर उपकरण में रख दें और तापमान भी लगा दें।
- अब उपकरण में 5°C तक गर्म किया गया आसुत जल (Distilled water), छल्लेके ऊपरी सिरे से 50 mm ऊँचाई तक भरें। () इस्पात गोले को जो पूर्व में 5°C तक गर्म कर लिया जाता है, छल्ले के ऊपर रख दे।
- बिटूमन के गर्म होकर पिघलने पर, इस्पातीय गोला छल्ले में धीरे-धीरे घँसता चला जायेगा।
- जब गोला पिघलते बिटूमन के साथ, छल्ले से परित होकर नीचे गिरते हुये, उपकरण की तली (अथवा आधार-प्लेट) को छूने लगे, वह तापमान नोट कर लें। यह तापमान बिटूमन का मृदुकारी-बिन्दू कहा जायेगा ।
- जब प्रयोग में दो छल्ले व दो गोले इस्तेमाल किये जायें (दोहरी जांच के लिये) दोनों गोलों का नीचे टपकने का तापमान नोट कर, उनका औसत ज्ञात कर लें।
- प्रेक्षण (Observation):-
| S.R. | तापमान जिस पर गोला टपक कर तली को छुआ है(°C) | औसत मान (°C) | |
| 1 | A-गोला | B-गोला | (A+B)/2 |
| 2 | |||
- परिणाम(Result):-
बिटुमिन का मृदुकारी बिंदु (SOFTENING POINT VALUE) = ……(°C) हे |
- सावधानियाँ(Precautions):-
- मानक इस्पातीय गोले ही परीक्षण के लिये लें।
- आसुत जल का ही प्रयोग करें और इसे समान दर से गर्म करें।
- छल्ले की तली और इसके नीचे लगी आधार प्लेट में मानक दूरी (25mm) रहनी,
- चाहिये।बिदूमनी लेपित गोले के तली-प्लेट को छूते ही तापमान नोट करें। प्रयोग के दौरान उपकरण पर कम्पन नहीं होना चाहिये।
- यदि प्रतिदर्श का मूदुकारी-बिन्दु 80°C से ऊपर जान पडता है. आसुत जलै के पर ग्लिसरीन (Glycerin) का प्रयोग करें।
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