What is Survey
सर्वेक्षण क्या होता है
What is Survey | सर्वेक्षण क्या होता है:-
What is Surveying | सर्वेक्षण क्या होता है। Types of Survey भूमि पर स्थित बिन्दुओं की किसी ज्ञात अन्य बिन्दुओं के सापेक्ष स्थिति का निर्धारण करना ही सर्वेक्षण कहलाता है ये बिंदु प्रथ्वी के नीचे ऊपर ये फिर प्रथ्वी पर हो सकते हैं सर्वेक्षण करके किसी भी भू खंड की सीमायें निर्धारित की जाती हैं |
सर्वेक्षण बिभिन्न प्रकार के होते हैं |
सर्वेक्षण को मुख्य रूप से निम्न प्रकार से वर्गीकृत किया गया है:
- Plane surveying (प्लेन सर्वे)
- Geodetic Surveying(भूगर्भीय सर्वेक्षण)
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Plane surveying (प्लेन सर्वे):-
समतल सर्वेक्षण उस प्रकार का सर्वेक्षण है जिसमें पृथ्वी की औसत सतह को समतल माना जाता है और गोलाकार आकृति की उपेक्षा की जाती है। सर्वेक्षण रेखाओं से बनने वाले सभी त्रिभुज समतल त्रिभुज माने जाते हैं। समतल रेखा सीधी मानी जाती है और सभी साहुल रेखाएँ समानांतर मानी जाती हैं। रोजमर्रा की जिंदगी में पृथ्वी की सतह के छोटे हिस्से से संबंधित थे और उपरोक्त धारणाएं इस तथ्य के प्रकाश में उचित प्रतीत होती हैं कि पृथ्वी की सतह में 12 किलोमीटर लंबे चाप की लंबाई अंतरित तार से केवल 1 सेमी अधिक है और आगे यह है कि एक समतल त्रिभुज में कोणों के योग और एक गोलाकार त्रिभुज के योग के बीच का अंतर पृथ्वी की सतह पर एक त्रिभुज के लिए केवल एक सेकंड है जिसका क्षेत्रफल 195 वर्ग किमी है।
Geodetic Surveying (भूगर्भीय सर्वेक्षण):-
उस प्रकार का सर्वेक्षण जिसमें पृथ्वी के आकार को ध्यान में रखा जाता है। सतह पर पड़ी सभी रेखाएँ घुमावदार रेखाएँ हैं और त्रिभुज गोलाकार त्रिभुज हैं। इसलिए, इसमें गोलाकार त्रिकोणमिति शामिल है। सभी जियोडेटिक सर्वेक्षणों में बड़े परिमाण और उच्च स्तर की सटीकता का कार्य शामिल होता है। भूगर्भीय सर्वेक्षण का उद्देश्य पृथ्वी की सतह पर सटीक स्थिति का निर्धारण करना है, व्यापक रूप से दूर के बिंदुओं की एक प्रणाली जो नियंत्रण स्टेशन बनाती है जहां कम सटीकता के सर्वेक्षणों को संदर्भित किया जा सकता है
Classification based upon nature of field क्षेत्र की प्रकृति पर आधारित वर्गीकरण:-
- Land Surveying भूमि सर्वेक्षण
- Marine Surveying समुद्री सर्वेक्षण:
- Astronomical Surveying खगोलीय सर्वेक्षण:
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Land Surveying भूमि सर्वेक्षण:
इसे आगे के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया जा सकता है i) स्थलाकृतिक सर्वेक्षण ii) भूकर सर्वेक्षण और iii) शहर सर्वेक्षण। यह आम तौर पर नदियों, नालों, झीलों, लकड़ी, पहाड़ियों, सड़कों, रेलवे, नहरों, कस्बों, जल आपूर्ति प्रणालियों, भवनों और संपत्तियों आदि जैसे भूमि पर प्राकृतिक या कृत्रिम विशेषताओं से संबंधित है।
Marine Surveying समुद्री सर्वेक्षण:
समुद्री या हाइड्रोग्राफिक सर्वेक्षण नेविगेशन, जल आपूर्ति, बंदरगाह कार्यों या औसत समुद्र स्तर के निर्धारण के लिए जल निकायों से संबंधित है। काम में धाराओं के निर्वहन की माप, तटों और किनारों का स्थलाकृतिक सर्वेक्षण करना, पानी की गहराई निर्धारित करने के लिए ध्वनि लेना और पता लगाना और समुद्र के ज्वार के उतार-चढ़ाव का अवलोकन करना शामिल है।
Astronomical Surveying खगोलीय सर्वेक्षण:
खगोलीय सर्वेक्षण सर्वेक्षणकर्ता को किसी भी बिंदु की पूर्ण स्थिति या पृथ्वी की सतह पर किसी भी रेखा की निरपेक्ष स्थिति और दिशा का निर्धारण करने का साधन प्रदान करता है। इसमें सूर्य या किसी स्थिर तारे जैसे स्वर्गीय पिंडों का अवलोकन शामिल है।
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Classification based on object वस्तु के आधार पर वर्गीकरण:
Geological Surveying भूवैज्ञानिक सर्वेक्षण
Mine Surveying खान सर्वेक्षण
Archaeological surveying पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण
Military surveying सैन्य सर्वेक्षण
Classification based on instruments used प्रयुक्त उपकरणों के आधार पर वर्गीकरण:-
Chain surveying
Compass surveying
Plane table surveying
Theodolite surveying
Tacheometric surveying
Photographic surveying
Classification based on methods used प्रयुक्त विधियों के आधार पर वर्गीकरण:-
- Triangulation surveying त्रिभुज सर्वेक्षण
- Traverse surveying ट्रैवर्स सर्वेक्षण
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