Thumb Rules for Estimation
साइट पर तुरंत निर्णय लेते समय thumb rules for estimation सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। Thumb rules आपको एक सरल गणितीय सूत्र का उपयोग करके समाधान की गणना करने और जब भी आवश्यकता हो स्मार्ट निर्णय लेने में सक्षम बनाते हैं। याद रखें, Thumb rules कभी भी सटीक परिणाम नहीं देते हैं, लेकिन आप उन्हें अनुमानित परिणामों के लिए उपयोग कर सकते हैं। कई Thumb rules हैं जो हम निर्माण में लागू होते हैं। यहां मैं साइट पर सबसे अधिक बार उपयोग किए जाने वाले Thumb rules की चर्चा कर रहा हूं। Thumb rules एक अनुमानित और तुलना विधि है। जब हम परिणाम प्राप्त करने के लिए तुलना करते हैं, तो Thumb rules में इकाइयाँ समान नहीं होती हैं। अतः Thumb rules का प्रदर्शन करते समय इकाइयों पर कभी विचार न करें।
SOME IMPORTANT THUMB RULE
1. Thumb rule to calculate the Concrete Volume with respect to area:
कंक्रीट की 0.038 m3 की कंक्रीट खंड योजना क्षेत्र के प्रत्येक वर्ग फ़ुट के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है
उदाहरण:- यदि किसी क्षेत्र का क्षेत्रफल = 40 x 20 = 800 SFT हे, तब आवश्यक कंक्रीट की कुल मात्रा = 800 x 0.038 m3 = 30.4 m3
2. Thumb rule to calculate the Steel quantity required for Slab, Beams, Footings & Columns:
For Residential buildings (आवासीय भवनों के लिए ) 4.5Kgs-4.75Kgs /SQFT
For Commercial buildings (वाणिज्यिक भवनों के लिए) 5.0Kgs-5.50Kgs/SQFT
| SR. | Structural Member | Percentage of Steel |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slab | 1% of total volume of concrete |
| 2 | Beam | 2% of of total volume of concrete |
| 3 | Column | 2.5% of total volume of concrete |
| 4 | Footings | 0.8% of total volume of concrete |
उदाहरण:
स्लैब की लंबाई, चौड़ाई और गहराई वाले स्लैब की स्टील मात्रा की गणना कैसे करें 5 m x 4 m x 0.15 m है
चरण 1: कंक्रीट के आयतन की गणना करें
ऊपर दिए गए स्लैब के लिए कंक्रीट का कुल आयतन 5 x 4 x 0.15 = 3 m3 . है
चरण 2: सूत्र का उपयोग करके स्टील की मात्रा की गणना करें
उपरोक्त तालिका के अनुसार, स्लैब की स्टील मात्रा उपयोग किए गए कंक्रीट की कुल मात्रा का 1% है।
ऊपर स्लैब के calculate स्टील मात्रा = सदस्य के स्टील के x% इस्पात की कंक्रीट एक्स घनत्व की मात्रा को अंगूठे का नियम
उपरोक्त स्लैब के लिए आवश्यक स्टील की मात्रा = 3 x 7850 x 0.01 = 235 किग्रा
सटीक गणना के लिए, BAR BENDING SCHUDLE (BBS) ही बनाना चाहिए
3. Thumb rule to calculate the Shuttering area:
भवन के कुल निर्माण में शटरिंग की लागत 15-18% है। कंक्रीट को शेप में लाने के लिए शटरिंग को फ्रेम किया जाता है। शटरिंग की गणना के लिए अंगूठे का नियम कंक्रीट की मात्रा का 6 गुना या प्लिंथ क्षेत्र का 2.4 गुना है।
मान लीजिए, ठोस मात्रा 0.5 m3 है तो आवश्यक शटरिंग क्षेत्र 0.5 x 6 = 3 m2 . है|
Components of Shuttering:- Shuttering Ply, Battens, Nails are components of Shuttering.
a. Shuttering Ply Quantity calculation:
शटरिंग प्लाई की लंबाई, चौड़ाई और गहराई 2.44 x 1.22 x 0.012 . है
शटरिंग प्लाई शीट्स की संख्या = शटरिंग का 0.22 गुना
मान लीजिए, आवश्यक शटरिंग का क्षेत्रफल = 3m
फिर आवश्यक शटरिंग प्लाई = 0.22 x 3 = 0.66 m2
b. Battens Quantity Calculation:
शटरिंग बैटन की लंबाई और चौड़ाई आमतौर पर 75mm x 40mm होती है।
बैटन मात्रा = 19.82 x प्लाई शीट्स की संख्या
यदि निर्माण के लिए 25 प्लाई शीट की आवश्यकता है, तो बैटन की कुल मात्रा 19.82 x 25 = 495 बैटन है
c. Nails & Binding Wire Quantity in Shuttering:
1 m2 शटरिंग के लिए 75 ग्राम कील का उपयोग किया जाता है
शटरिंग के प्रत्येक 1 m2 के लिए 75 GMबाइंडिंग वायर की खपत होती है।
d. Thumb rule for Shuttering oil Quantity:
कंक्रीट से आसानी से डी-फ्रेम या डी-असेंबल करने के लिए शटरिंग ऑयल का उपयोग किया जाता है।कुल आवश्यक शटरिंग तेल = 0.065 x शटरिंग का कुल क्षेत्रफल (या) शटरिंग के प्रत्येक 15m2 के लिए 1 लीटर शटरिंग तेल की खपत होती है।
उदाहरण : 15 m2 शटरिंग का कुल क्षेत्रफल है, तो आवश्यक शटरिंग तेल = 0.065 x 15 = 0.975 यह सटीक शटरिंग क्षेत्र की गणना के लिए, आप यहां स्लैब, कॉलम, बीम, फुटिंग के लिए आवश्यक शटरिंग क्षेत्र की जांच कर सकते हैं।
4. Thumb rule for Cement, Sand, Coarse Aggregate Quantity in Different grades of Concrete :
| Concrete Mix | Cement Quantity | Coarse Aggregate Quantity | Fine Aggregate Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|
| M5 (1:5:10) | 2.82 Bags | 0.98m3 | 0.49m3 |
| M7.5(1:4:8) | 3.48 Bags | 0.97m3 | 0.48m3 |
| M10(1:3:6) | 4.50 Bags | 0.90m3 | 0.45m3 |
| M15(1:2:4) | 6.60 Bags | 0.88m3 | 0.44m3 |
| M20(1:1.5:3) | 8.40 Bags | 0.84m3 | 0.42m3 |
Note: 1 bag of cement = 50Kgs
For Accurate calculation refer to Concrete Mix design for Different grades of concrete
5. Thumb rule for Cement quantity in Brickwork
| SR. | Brickwork for 1m3 | Cement Qty in m3 | Cement Qty In Bags |
| 1 | 230 mm Brickwork | 0.876bags/m3 | 43.80kgs |
| 2 | 115 mm Brickwork | 0.218bags/m3 | 10.90kgs |
6. Cement Masonry Quantity Thumb Rule:
| sr. | Cement Masonry Type & Mix | Bags of Cement | Cement Qty in Kgs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 200mm in Cement Masonry work of ratio 1:6 | 0.124Bags/m2 | 6.2Kgs/m2 |
| 2 | 150mm in Cement Masonry work of ratio 1:6 | 0.093Bags/m2 | 4.65Kgs/m2 |
| 3 | 200mm in Cement Masonry work of ratio 1:4 | 0.206Bags/m2 | 10.3Kgs/m2 |
| 4 | 150mm in Cement Masonry work of ratio 1:4 | 0.144Bags/m2 | 7.2Kgs/m2 |
| 5 | 100mm in Cement Masonry work of ratio 1:4 | 0.103Bags/m2 | 5.15Kgs/m2 |
7. Plastering Quantity Thumb Rule:
| Type of Plastering | Bags of Cement | Cement Qty in Kgs |
|---|---|---|
| Rough Plastering | 0.09Bags/m2 | 4.5Kgs/m2 |
| Internal Wall Plastering | 0.09Bags/m2 | 4.5Kgs/m2 |
| Duct Plastering | 0.09Bags/m2 | 4.5Kgs/m2 |
| External Wall plastering | 0.175Bags/m2 | 8.75Kgs/m2 |
| Stucco Plastering | 0.175Bags/m2 | 8.75Kgs/m2 |
| Lathen Plastering | 0.55Bags/m2 | 27.5Kgs/m2 |
HIIII THIS IS ER. IMRAN KHAN BLOG FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENT/ASPIRANTS
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