Consolidation Test oF Soil
मृदा का समेकन परीक्षण
[IS 2720- part 15 – 1986 ]
- उद्देश्य(Object):-
Settlements due to primary consolidation of soil by conducting one dimensional test एक आयामी परीक्षण करके मिट्टी के प्राथमिक consolidation के कारण settlements का निर्धारण करना मिट्टी का समेकन परिक्षण कहलाता है |
- सामग्री(Material):-
- Soil Sample
- उपकरण(Apparatus):-
Consolidometer consisting essentially
(a) A ring of diameter = 60mm and height = 20mm
(b) Two porous plates or stones of silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or porous metal.
(c) Guide ring.
(d) Outer ring.
(e) Water jacket with base.
(f) Pressure pad.
(g) Rubber basket.
- Loading device consisting of frame, lever system, loading yoke dial gauge fixing device and weights.
- Dial gauge to read to an accuracy of 0.002mm.
- Thermostatically controlled oven.
- Stopwatch to read seconds.
- Sample extractor.
- Miscellaneous items like balance, soil trimming tools, spatula, filter papers, sample containers.
- आवश्यकता और दायरा (NEED AND SCOPE):-
परीक्षण करके मिट्टी के प्राथमिक consolidation के कारण settlements का निर्धारण करना।
- Rate of consolidation under normal load (सामान्य लोड के तहत समेकन की दर)
- Degree of consolidation at any time (किसी भी समय समेकन की डिग्री।)
- Pressure-void ratio relationship (दबाव-शून्य अनुपात संबंध।)
- Coefficient of consolidation at various pressures (विभिन्न दबावों पर समेकन का गुणांक।)
- Compression index (संपीड़न सूचकांक।)
उपरोक्त जानकारी से हमारे लिए महीन दाने वाली मिट्टी पर स्थापित संरचनाओं के निपटान की समय दर और सीमा का अनुमान लगाना संभव होगा। यह मिट्टी के तनाव इतिहास का विश्लेषण करने में भी सहायक है। चूंकि नींव का निपटान विश्लेषण मुख्य रूप से परीक्षण द्वारा निर्धारित मूल्यों पर निर्भर करता है, इसलिए नींव डिजाइन के लिए यह परीक्षण बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।
सिद्धांत (Theory):-
जब मिट्टी के द्रव्यमान पर एक संपीड़ित भार लगाया जाता है, तो इसकी मात्रा में कमी होती है, तनाव के तहत मिट्टी के द्रव्यमान की मात्रा में कमी को संपीड़न के रूप में जाना जाता है और मिट्टी के द्रव्यमान की संपत्ति को दबाव में मात्रा में कमी की प्रवृत्ति से संबंधित कहा जाता है। संपीड्यता असंपीड्य पानी से भरी हुई एक संतृप्त मिट्टी के द्रव्यमान में, मात्रा में कमी या संपीड़न तब हो सकता है जब पानी को रिक्तियों से बाहर निकाल दिया जाता है। लंबे समय तक स्थिर भार के परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले इस तरह के संपीड़न और छिद्र वाले पानी के परिणामी पलायन को समेकन कहा जाता है।
विधि(Method):-
दो झरझरा पत्थरों को या तो आसुत जल में लगभग 15 मिनट उबालकर या आसुत जल में 4 से 8 घंटे के लिए डुबो कर रख दें। अतिरिक्त पानी को पोंछ लें। कंसोलिडोमीटर की फिटिंग्स, जिन्हें संलग्न किया जाना है, को सिक्त किया जाएगा।मिट्टी के नमूने और नमूने के ऊपर और नीचे झरझरा पत्थरों के साथ, मिट्टी के नमूने और झरझरा पत्थर के बीच एक फिल्टर पेपर प्रदान करते हुए, कंसोलिडोमीटर को इकट्ठा करें। शीर्ष झरझरा पत्थर पर दबाव पैड को केंद्र में रखें।
लोडिंग फ्रेम पर मोल्ड असेंबली को माउंट करें, और इसे इस तरह केन्द्रित करें कि लगाया गया लोड अक्षीय हो।
नमूने के ऊर्ध्वाधर संपीड़न को मापने के लिए डायल गेज की स्थिति बनाएं। डायल गेज धारक को सेट किया जाना चाहिए ताकि डायल गेज अपने रिलीज रन की भीख मांग में हो, जिससे मिट्टी की सूजन के लिए पर्याप्त मार्जिन हो, यदि कोई हो।
मोल्ड असेंबली को जल भंडार से कनेक्ट करें और नमूना को संतृप्त करने की अनुमति है। जलाशय में पानी का स्तर मिट्टी के नमूने के समान स्तर पर होना चाहिए।
अंतिम लोडिंग पूरी होने के बाद, लोड को पिछले लोड के मान के � तक कम करें और इसे 24 घंटे तक खड़े रहने दें। पिछली तीव्रता के चरणों में लोड को और कम करें जब तक कि 0.1 किग्रा/सेमी2 की तीव्रता न हो जाए। डायल गेज की अंतिम रीडिंग लें।लोड को प्रारंभिक लोड तक कम करें, इसे 24 घंटे के लिए रखें और डायल गेज के अंतिम रीडिंग को नोट करें। नमूना असेंबली को जल्दी से हटा दें और ओवन में मिट्टी के नमूने पर अतिरिक्त पानी निकाल दें, इसका सूखा वजन नोट करें।
- प्रेक्षण (Observation):-
Data and observation sheet for consolidation test pressure, compression and time.
Project : Name of the project Borehole no. : 1
Depth of the sample : 2m Description of soil :
Empty weight of ring : 635 gm Area of ring : 4560 mm2 (45.60 cm2)
Diameter of ring : 76.2 mm (7.62 cm) Volume of ring : 115.82 cm3
Pressure Intensity (Kg/cm2)
0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 4 8 Elapsed Time0.25 1
2.5
4
6.25
9
16
25
30
1 hr
2 hrs
4 hrs
8 hrs
24 hrs
Observation Sheet for Consolidation Test : Pressure Voids Ratio:-
| Applied pressure | Final dial reading | Dial change | Specimen hieght | Height solids | Height of voids | Void ration |
| 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 |
- परिणाम (Result):-
- Height of solids – ठोसों की ऊँचाई (HS) की गणना समीकरण से की जाती है
HS = WS/G x A
- Void ratio. – शून्य अनुपात। विभिन्न दबावों के अंत में शून्य अनुपात की गणना समीकरण से की जाती है
e = (H x HS)/HS
- Coefficient of consolidation.- प्रत्येक दबाव वृद्धि पर समेकन के गुणांक की गणना निम्नलिखित समीकरणों का उपयोग करके की जाती है:
- Cv = 0.197 d2/t50 (Log fitting method)
- Cv = 0.848 d2/t90 (Square fitting method)
लॉग फिटिंग विधि में डायल रीडिंग और समय के लॉगरिदमिक के बीच एक प्लॉट बनाया जाता है, 50% समेकन के अनुरूप समय निर्धारित किया जाता है। वर्गमूल फिटिंग विधि में डायल रीडिंग और समय के वर्गमूल के बीच एक प्लॉट बनाया जाता है और 90% समेकन के अनुरूप समय निर्धारित किया जाता है। Cv के मान तालिका II में दर्ज किए गए हैं।
- Compression Index.- संपीड़न सूचकांक निर्धारित करने के लिए, voids अनुपात (e) Vs logt का एक प्लॉट बनाया जाता है। प्रारंभिक संपीड़न वक्र एक सीधी रेखा होगी और इस रेखा का ढलान संपीड़न सूचकांक Cc देगा।
- Coefficient of compressibility. – इसकी गणना इस प्रकार की जाती है
av = 0.435 Cc/Avg. pressure for the increment
where Cc = Coefficient of compressibility
- Coefficient of permeability- इसकी गणना इस प्रकार की जाती है
K = Cv x av *(unit weight of water)/(1+e).
- Dial reading VS log of time or Dial reading VS square root of time.
- Voids ratio VSlog (average pressure for the increment).
General Remarks
1. नमूना तैयार करते समय, समेकन तंत्र में मिट्टी के स्तर को एक ही दिशा में उन्मुख करने का प्रयास किया जाना चाहिए।
2. ट्रिमिंग के दौरान मिट्टी के नमूने को कम से कम दबाव के साथ संभालने में सावधानी बरतनी चाहिए।
3. नरम मिट्टी के लिए क्रमिक लोडिंग की छोटी वृद्धि को अपनाना होगा।
[…] Consolidation Test of Soil मिट्टी का समेकन परिक्षण […]
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