DIRECT SHEAR TEST | SOIL
मृदा का सीधा अपरूपण परिक्षण
I.S. : [2720 (Part 13 ) 1985]
- उद्देश्य(Object):-
Direct Shear Test सीधे अपरूपण परीक्षण द्वारा मृदा नमूने का आभासी संसंजन व आन्तरिक घर्षण कोण के मान ज्ञात करना।
- सामग्री(Material):-
- Soil Sample
- उपकरण(Apparatus):-
direct-shear-test
- Shear Box, Grid Plate
- भारण गद्दा ( Loading pad),
- धातु की गोली,
- भारण योक (Loading yoke), चौखटे व भार सहित।
- प्रूविंग रिंग ( proving ring) क्षमता 150 – 200 kg.
- विरूपण डॉयल मापी (Deformation dial gauge)।
- विराम घड़ी व भौतिक तुला।
- चाकू, करनी।
- विधि(Method):-
अपरूपण बक्से के दोनों भागों को पेचों की सहायता से जोड़कर सरन्धमय पत्थर (Porous stone) तथा ग्रिड (Grid) लगाकर उसमें नमूना रखो
उस पर पुनः प्रिड व रंध्रमय पत्थर लगाओ।
भारण गद्दा ( Loading pad) तथा उस पर धातु की गोली रखो।
बक्से को खोल में रखकर इसे मशीन पर रौलरों पर रख दो।
बक्से के ऊपरी आधे भाग पूविग रिंग से जोड़ दो।
नमूने का ऊर्ध्वाधर विरूपण मापने के लिये एक डॉयल मापी लगाओ।
भारण चौखटे (Loading yoke) पर भार लगाकर धातु की गोली की सहायता से नमूने पर भार लगाओ।
बक्से के दोनों भागों को जोड़ने वाले पेंचों को ढीला कर दो इसके बाद
ऊपरी अन्य दो पेंचों की सहायता से उन्हें कसकर थोड़ा सा ऊपर उठा दो।
सभी डॉयल मापी में शून्य पाठ्यांक समायोजित कर दो।
अब निश्चित दर से अपरूपण बल लगाओ तथा प्रत्येक 30 sec बाद डॉयल मापी के पाठ्यांक पढ़ते रहो।
बल तब तक लगाओ जब कि नमूना भंग न हो जाये।
यही क्रिया विभिन्न प्रसामान्य बल (Normal force) उदाहरणार्थ 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 kg/cm2
के बलों पर दोहराओ। जहाँ τ = F/A तथा σ = N/A
F = अपरूपण बल
A = मृदा नमूने का क्षेत्रफल (Area)
N = अभिलम्ब बल (NORMAL FORCE)
प्रसामान्य बल व अपरूपण बल में ग्राफ खींचो व (C) व (σ) के मान पढ़ो।
मृदा के विभिन्न प्रसामान्य प्रतिबल (Normal stress) पर आये अपरूपण प्रतिबलों में ग्राफ खींचो।
- प्रेक्षण (Observation):-
| Direct Shear Test Reading | ||||||
| S.R. | प्रूविंग रिंग का पठयांक mm | अपरूपण बल kg. | अपरूपण प्रतिबल kg. | सामान्य प्रतिबल kg/cm2 | मृदा का आभासी ससंजन C | आंतरिक घर्षण कोण (@) |
| 1 | ||||||
| 2 | ||||||
| 3 | ||||||
| 4 | ||||||
मृदा के विभिन्न प्रसामान्य प्रतिबल (Normal stress) पर आये अपरूपण प्रतिबलों में ग्राफ खींचो।
इन बिन्दुओं से जाने वाली सीधी रेखा खींचो।
Y-अक्ष पर इसका कटाव संसजन C का मान
इस रेखा का X-अक्ष से झुकाव आन्तरिक घर्षण कोण का मान देगा
- परिणाम (Result):-
मृदा का आभासी संसंजन C =
मृदा का (Internal Friction) आन्तरिक घर्षण कोण 0 =
- सावधानियाँ (Precautions):-
परीक्षण प्रारम्भ करने से पहले यह सुनिश्चित कर ले कि अपरूपण बक्से के ऊपरी आधा भाग प्रुविंग रिंग के सम्पर्क में है।
अपरूपण बल लगाने से पूर्व यह सुनिश्चित कर लें कि बक्से के दोनो भागों में
जोड़ने वाले पेंच निकाल लिये हैं तथा अन्य लगे दोनों पेचो की सहायता से के दोनों भाग अलग-अलग कर दिये है।
यह पेच भी निकाल लेने चाहिए।
प्रसामान्य बल ऊर्ध्वाधर हो तथा अपरूपण बल निश्चित स्थिर दर से हो.सगाव चाहिये।
परीक्षण के दौरान नमूने को किसी भी कम्पन से बचाना चाहिये।
प्रसामान्य बल का मान लगायो बल तथा भार योक के भार, दोनों भान क भी नोट करना चाहिये।
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