Constant Head Permeability Test

Constant Head Permeability Test

मृदा का स्थिर शीर्ष पारगम्यता परिक्षण

[I.S. 2720 (Part 17)-1986]

  • Object (उद्देश्य ):- 

Constant Head Permeability Test स्थिर शीर्ष पारगम्यतामापी की सहायता से स्थूल/ मोटे  कण वाली मृदा का पारगम्यता गुणांक ज्ञात करना।

  1. Soil Sample
  • उपकरण(Apparatus):-
  1. स्थिर शीर्ष पारगम्यतामापी उपकरण
  2. 0-5g सुग्राहिता वाली तुला,
  3. I.S. 4.75 mm चालनी
  4. नपना जार
  5. मीटर पैमाना,
  6. फनल
  7. विराम घड़ी
  8. फिल्टर कागज
  9. ग्रीस।
  • सिद्धांत (Theory):-

मानक ताप दशाओं में इकाई द्रवीय ढाल पर इकाई क्षेत्रफल से इकाई समय में बहने वाले जल की मात्रा पारगम्यता गुणांक कहलाती हैं।यदि मृदा का क्षेत्रफल Acm,जल शीर्ष cm,प्रवाह पथ की लम्बाई L cm हो तथा जल Q cm3/sec की दर से बह रहा हो तो

पारगम्यता गुणांक (K) = QL/tAh cm/sec

  • Soil Sample(मृदा नमूना):-

यदि पुनर्धटित मृदा के किसी निश्चित संहनन पर पारगम्यता गुणांक ज्ञात करना है तो सर्वप्रथम साँचो में मृदा रखकर उसको उस घनत्व तक संहनित करो। परीक्षण में इसी कारण सामान्य प्राक्टर परीक्षण वाला ही साँचा काम में लाते हैं। यदि मृदा के अक्षुब्ध नमूने का पारगम्यता गुणांक ज्ञात करना है तो सांचे में अक्षुब्ध नमूना लो।

  • विधि(Method):-

रन्ध्रमय पत्थर के चारों ओर तथा आधार प्लेट पर ग्रीस लगाकर यथा स्थान रख कर उस पर फिल्टर कागज या तार की जाली, आवश्यकतानुसार रखो।इसी प्रकार साँचे के ऊपर रन्त्र में पत्थर फिल्टर कागज व वॉशर लगाकर साँचे को बन्द करो।
पानी की नली को साँचे से जोड़ों तथा नमूने से पानी प्रवाहित होने दो। वायु निकालने लाले वाली को खोल दो। जब उससे पानी बाहर आने लगे तो उसे बन्द कर दो।जब मृदा नमूने से सारी वायु निकल जाये तथा मृदा से जल निकलने की दर स्थिर हो जाये तो विराम घड़ी चला कर मृदा से बहने वाले जल को एक अंशांकित जार में एकत्र कर लो।कुछ समय के अन्तराल पर जब जार में काफी मात्रा में जल एकत्र हो गया हो तो विराम घड़ी बन्द कर जार हटा लो |

  • प्रेक्षण (Observation):-
S.Rपात्र संख्या विवरण IIIIII
1मृदा नमूने की लम्बाई  L cm
2मृदा नमूने का क्षेत्रफल  A cm2
3जल शीर्ष  H cm
4जार में जल की मात्र Q ml
5जल एकत्रित करने मे लगा समय t sec
6

पारगम्यता गुणांक (K) = QL/tAh cm/sec

  • परिणाम (Result):-
  1. इसलिए मृदा की पारगम्यता गुणांक (K) = ………. cm/sec

  • सावधानियाँ (Precautions):-
  1. यह सुनिश्चित कर लें कि उपकरण के किसी जोड़ से पानी रिस तो नहीं रहा। सभी वाशर साफ करके अच्छी प्रकार कसने चाहियों
  2.  मृदा का नमूना पूर्णत: संतृप्त होना चाहिये तथा उससे सम्पूर्ण वायु निकल जानी चाहिये।
  3. स्तरीय प्रवाह दशा रहे इसके लिये परीक्षण कम जल शीर्ष पर ही करने चाहिये।
  4.  प्रेक्षण लेने से पूर्व सुनिश्चित कर लो कि जल प्रवाह की दर स्थिर हो गयी है।
  5. स्थिर शीर्ष परीक्षण में एकत्रित जल की मात्रा काफी होनी चाहिये ताकि उसको मापने में त्रुटि न आये|
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